13.060.10 天然水资源 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6089-15 地下水取样事件文件形成标准指南

4.1 When sampling groundwater monitoring wells, it is very important to thoroughly document all field activities. Sufficient field data should be retained to allow one to reconstruct the procedures and conditions that may have affected the integrity of a sample. The field data generated are vital to the interpretation of the chemical data obtained from laboratory analyses of samples. Field data and observations may also be useful to analytical laboratory personnel. 4.2 Due to the changing nature of regulations and other information, users are advised to thoroughly research requirements related to packaging and shipping prior to initiating a sampling event. Note 1: The sampling of an individual groundwater monitoring well should be repeated as closely as possible each time the monitoring well is sampled. This reduces the variability of the chemical parameters due to sampling variability which is the desired result. The intent is to detect the change in chemistry by repeating the sampling protocol at each individual well. This does not mean that all the wells are sampled the same way, nor does it prohibit changes in the sampling protocol, provided they are planned and documented. 1.1 This guide covers what and how information should be recorded in the field when sampling a groundwater monitoring well. Following these recommendations will provide adequate documentation in most monitoring programs. In some situations, it may be necessary to record additional or different information, or both, to thoroughly document the sampling event. In other cases, it may not be necessary to record all of the information recommended in this guide. The level of documentation will be based on site-specific conditions and regulatory requirements. 1.2 This guide is limited to written documentation of a groundwater sampling event. Other methods of documentation (that is, electronic and audiovisual) can be used but are not addressed in this guide. The specific activities addressed in this guide include documentation of static water level measurement, monitoring well purging, monitoring well sampling, field measurements, groundwater sample preparation, and groundwater sample shipment. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document h......

Standard Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Sampling Event

ASTM D6030-15 选择地下水或者蓄水层敏感性和脆弱性评估方法的标准指南

4.1 Sensitivity and vulnerability methods can be applied to a variety of hydrogeologic settings, whether or not they contain specifically identified aquifers. However, some methods are best suited to assess groundwater within aquifers, while others assess groundwater above aquifers or groundwater in areas where aquifers have not been identified. 4.1.1 Intergranular media systems, including alluvium and terrace deposits, valley fill aquifers, glacial outwash, sandstones, and unconsolidated coastal plain sediments are characterized by intergranular flow, and thus generally exhibit slower and more predictable groundwater velocities and directions than in fractured media. Such settings are amenable to assessment by the methods described in this guide. Hydrologic settings dominated by fracture flow or flow in solution openings are generally not amenable to such assessments, and application of these techniques to such settings may provide misleading or totally erroneous results. 4.2 The methods discussed in this guide provide users with information for making land- and water-use management decisions based on the relative sensitivity or vulnerability of underlying groundwater or aquifers to contamination. Most sensitivity and vulnerability assessment methods are designed to evaluate broad regional areas for purposes of assisting federal, state, and local officials to identify and prioritize areas where more detailed assessments are warranted, to design and locate monitoring systems, and to help develop optimum groundwater management, use and protection policies. However, some of these methods are independent of the size of the area evaluated and, therefore, can be used to evaluate the aquifer sensitivity and vulnerability of a specific area. 4.3 Many methods for assessing groundwater sensitivity and vulnerability require information on soils, and for some types of potential groundwater contaminants, soil is the most important factor affecting contaminant movement and attenuation from the land surface to groundwater. The relatively large surface area of the clay-size particles in most soils and the soils' content of organic matter provide sites for the retardation and degradation of contaminants. Unfortunately, there are significant differences in the definition of soil between the sciences of hydrogeology, engineering, and agronomy. For the purposes of this guide, soils are considered to be those unconsolidated organic materials and solid mineral particles that have been derived from weathering and are characterized by significant biological activity. These typically include unconsolidated materials that occur to a depth of 2 to 3 m or more. 4.3.1 In many areas, significant thicknesses of unconsolidated materials may occur below the soil. Retardation, degradation, and other chemical attenuation processes are typically less than in the upper soil horizons. These underlying materials may be the result of depositional processes or may have formed in place by long-term weathering processes with only limited biological activity. Therefore, when compiling the data required for assessing groundwater sensitivity and vulnerability, it is important to distinguish between the soil zone and the underlying sediments and to recognize that the two zones have significantly different hydraulic and attenuation properties. 1.1 This guide covers informa......

Standard Guide for Selection of Methods for Assessing Groundwater or Aquifer Sensitivity and Vulnerability

ASTM D5855/D5855M-15 使用自喷井中恒定下降法测定非越流性或者越流性承压含水层透射率和存储系数的标准试验方法 (分析程序)

Note 7: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 5.1 Assumptions—Leaky Aquifer:  5.1.1 Drawdown (sW) in the control well is constant, 5.1.2 Well is infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates aquifer, 5.1.3 The aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive, and 5.1.4 The control well is 1008201;% efficient. 5.2 Assumptions—Nonleaky Aquifer:  5.2.1 Drawdown (sW) in the control well is constant, 5.2.2 Well is infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates aquifer, 5.2.3 The aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive, 5.2.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the nonleaky aquifer, and 5.2.5 The control well is 1008201;% efficient. 5.3 Implications of Assumptions:  5.3.1 The assumptions are applicable to confined aquifers and fully penetrating control wells. However, this test method may be applied to partially penetrating wells where the method may provide an estimate of hydraulic conductivity for the aquifer adjacent to the open interval of the well if the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is significantly greater than the vertical hydraulic conductivity. 5.3.2 Values obtained for storage coefficient are less reliable than the values calculated for transmissivity. Storage coefficient values calculated from control well data are not reliable. 1.1 This test method covers an analytical solution......

Standard Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Confined Nonleaky or Leaky Aquifer by Constant Drawdown Method in Flowing Well

ASTM D5875/D5875M-13 地下水质监测装置地质环境勘探与安装使用电缆钻具采样方法标准指南

4.1 Cable-tool rigs (also referred to as churn rigs, water-well drilling rigs, spudders, or percussion rigs) are used in the oil fields and in the water-well industry. The Chinese developed the percussion method some 4000 years ago. 4.2 Cable-tool drilling and sampling methods may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in both unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Cable-tool drilling and sampling may be selected over other methods based on its advantages, some of which are its high mobility, low water use, low operating cost, and low maintenance. Cable-tool drilling is the most widely available casing-advancement method that is restricted to the drilling of unconsolidated materials and softer rocks. 4.2.1 The application of cable-tool drilling and sampling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve sampling unconsolidated materials. Depth of drill holes may exceed 900 m [3000 ft] and may be limited by the length of cable attached to the bull reel. However, most drill holes for geoenvironmental exploration rarely are required to go that deep. Rates for cable-tool drilling and sampling can vary from a general average of as much as 7.5 to 9 m/h [25 to 30 ft/h] including setting 200 mm [8 in.] diameter casing to considerably less than that depending on the type(s) of material drilled, and the type and condition of the equipment and rig used.Note 2—As a general rule, cable-tool rigs are used to sample the surficial materials, and to set surface casing in order that rotary-core rigs subsequently may be set up on the drill hole to core drill hard rock if coring is required. Note 3—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 4.2.2 The cable-tool rig may be used to facilitate the installation of a subsurface water-quality monitoring device(s) including in-situ testing devices. The monitoring device(s) may be installed through the casing as the casing is removed from the borehole. The sand line can be used to raise, lower, or set in-situ testing device(s), or all of these. If necessary, the casing may also be left in the borehole as part of the device. Note 4—The user may install a monitoring device within the same borehole wherein sampling, in-situ, or pore-fluid testing, or coring was performed. 1.1 This guide covers cable-tool drilling and sampling procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices. 1.2 Several sampling methods exist for obtaining samples from drill holes for geoenvironmental purposes and subsequent laboratory testing. Selection of a particular drilling procedure should be made on the basis of sample types needed and geohydrologic conditions observed......

Standard Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

ASTM D4448-01(2013) 地下水监测井取样的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers sampling equipment and procedures and “in the field” preservation, and it does not include well location, depth, well development, design and construction, screening, or analytical procedures that also have a significant bearing on sampling results.This guide is intended to assist a knowledgeable professional in the selection of equipment for obtaining representative samples from ground-water monitoring wells that are compatible with the formations being sampled, the site hydrogeology, and the end use of the data. 1.2 This guide is only intended to provide a review of many of the most commonly used methods for collecting groundwater quality samples from monitoring wells and is not intended to serve as a ground-water monitoring plan for any specific application. Because of the large and ever increasing number of options available, no single guide can be viewed as comprehensive. The practitioner must make every effort to ensure that the methods used, whether or not they are addressed in this guide, are adequate to satisfy the monitoring objectives at each site. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells

GSO ISO 19493:2013 水质 硬底群落海洋生物学研究指南

This International Standard provides guidance for marine biological surveys of supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral hard substrate for environmental impact assessment and monitoring in coastal areas. This International Standard comprises ⎯ development of the sampling programme, ⎯ survey methods, ⎯ species identification, and ⎯ storage of data and collected material. This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for environmental monitoring. The methods are limited to surveys and semi-quantitative and quantitative recording techniques that cause little destruction of the fauna and flora. In practice, this refers to direct recording in the field and photography. Sampling by scraping off organisms, use of a suction sampler, etc. are not covered in this International Standard, but such techniques can be used as a supplement to obtain information on small-sized species or those that live hidden.

Water quality – Guidance on marine biological surveys of hard-substrate communities

GSO ISO 16665:2013 水质 软腹海洋动物群定量采样和处理指南

This International Standard provides guidelines on the quantitative collection and processing of subtidal soft-bottom macrofaunal samples in marine waters. This International Standard encompasses:  development of the sampling programme;  requirements for sampling equipment;  sampling and sample treatment in the field;  sorting and species identification;  storage of collected and processed material. This International Standard does not specifically address the following, although some elements may be applicable:  bioassay sub-sampling;  deep water (> 750 m) or offshore sampling;  in situ faunal studies, e.g. recolonisation assays;  nonbenthic organisms caught in the sampling device;  estuarine sampling;  intertidal sampling;  meiofaunal sampling and analysis [3]; sampling by dredge and sledge;  Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) sampling;  statistical design. Accuracy of position fixing is determined by the geographical area, equipment used and survey objective.

Water quality – Guidelines for quantitative sampling and sample processing of marine soft-bottom macrofauna

GSO ISO 8689-2:2013 水质 河流生物分类 第2部分：通过底栖大型无脊椎动物调查提供优质生物数据的指南

This part of ISO 8689 gives guidance on the presentation of biological quality data relating to running waters from surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates. The guidance is applicable to the results of surveys using standard methods of sampling and using the classification procedures given in ISO 8689-1. It is recognized that for a complete assessment of ecological status other elements of biological quality should be assessed. NOTE An explanation of the comparison of different indices used in the analysis of surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates is given in ISO 8689-1.

Water quality - Biological classification of rivers - Part 2: Guidance on the presentation of biological quality data from surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates

GSO ISO 8689-1:2013 水质 河流生物分类 第1部分：解释底栖大型无脊椎动物调查的质量生物数据的指南

This part of ISO 8689 gives guidance on the interpretation of biological quality data relating to running waters from surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates. It is recognized that for a complete assessment of ecological status, other elements of biological quality should be assessed. NOTE Annex A gives guidance on how the comparison of the various classification systems can be made where classifications of the biological quality of running waters using benthic macroinvertebrates already exist.

Water quality - Biological classification of rivers - Part 1: Guidance on the interpretation of biological quality data from surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates

NF X10-900:2012 生态工程 - 自然栖息地保护和开发用项目管理方法 - 湿地和河道.

Ecological engineering - Methodology of project management applied to the preservation and development of the natural habitats - Wetland and watercourses.

DS/EN ISO 10870:2012 水质 淡水底栖大型无脊椎动物采样方法和装置选择指南

This International Standard specifies criteria for the selection of sampling methods and devices (operation and performance characteristics) used to evaluate benthic macroinvertebrate populations in fresh waters (rivers, canals, lakes, and reservoirs). Th

Water quality - Guidelines for the selection of sampling methods and devices for benthic macroinvertebrates in fresh waters

LST EN 16039-2011 水质 湖泊水文形态特征评价指导标准

Water quality - Guidance standard on assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes

NF T90-399*NF EN 16039:2011 水质.湖泊的水形态特性评价指导标准.

Water quality - Guidance standard on assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes.

DIN EN 16039:2011 水质.湖泊水形态特征的评估指导标准.德文版 EN 16039-2011

This European Standard is applicable to lakch are water bodies occupying one or more basins with surface areas greater than 1 ha(0.01km2)and maximum depths(at mean water level )greater than 1m.

Water quality - Guidance standard on assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes; German version EN 16039:2011

DB64/T 710-2011 农村集中式饮用水水源地保护工程技术规范

Technical specifications for rural centralized drinking water source protection engineering

DS/EN 16039:2011 水质 湖泊水文形态特征评价指导标准

This European Standard is applicable to lakes, which are water bodies occupying one or more basins with surface areas greater than 1 ha (0,01 km2) and maximum depths (at mean water level) greater than 1 m. All types of permanent lakes, including natural, modified and artificial, fresh water and brackish, except for those systems which regularly connect to the sea, are included in this European Standard, though canals are excluded. Based on these criteria it can be estimated that there are at least 500 000 natural lakes across Europe, most of which are located in the glaciated landscapes in northern and western provinces and in Scandinavia. Lakeland district

Water quality - Guidance standard on assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes

BS EN 16039:2011 水质.湖泊水形态特征评估的指导标准

Water quality. Guidance standard on assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes

EN 16039:2011 水质.指导标准评估hydromorphological湖泊的特征

This European Standard is applicable to lakes, which are water bodies occupying one or more basins with surface areas greater than 1 ha (0,01 km2) and maximum depths (at mean water level) greater than 1 m. All types of permanent lakes, including natural, modified and artificial, freshwater and brackish, except for those systems which regularly connect to the sea, are included inThis European Standard, though canals are excluded. Based on these criteria, it can be estimated that there are at least 500000 natural lakes across Europe, most of which are located in the glaciated landscapes in northern and western provinces and in Scandinavia. Lakeland districts also occur locally in areas such as the Danubian plain and around the Alps. Elsewhere, naturally occurring lakes are relatively sparse and in such areas reservoirs or pits are more common.This European Standard is designed to: a) support environmental and conservation agencies in meeting the monitoring requirements of the WFD (Article 8, Annex II and Annex V); b) generate data sets appropriate for monitoring and reporting of Natura 2000 sites designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive; c) provide information supporting other environmental reporting requirements (e. g. in relation to biodiversity or environmental impact assessment); d) support lake management and restoration initiatives.This European Standard: e) defines the key term of `hydromorphology' and other terms relating to the physical characteristics of lakes and their hydrological regimes; f) details essential features and processes of lakes that should be characterised as part of a hydromorphological survey and for determining the hydromorphological condition of a lake; g) identifies and defines the key pressures affecting European lakes; h) provides guidance on strategies for collecting hydromorphological data depending on resources available and the anticipated use of the assessment; a hierarchy of approaches is recognised from the `overview method' utilising existing databases, maps and remote sensing data through to recognised field-based survey techniques such as Lake Habitat Survey (LHS); i) offers guidance on data presentation; j) establishes guidance on data quality assurance issues.This European Standard does not deal with biological assessments in lakes such as the presence or absence of individual species or community composition, nor does it attempt to link specific hydromorphological features with their associated biological communities or to create a classification based on such links. However, it is relevant where plants or other organisms form significant structural elements of the habitat (e. g. a gradation from riparian to littoral vegetation). With respect to the WFD, the hydromorphological condition of a lake only contributes to its status classification at high ecological status (HES). Hydromorphological conditions are not defined for good and moderate status but shall be sufficient to support the biological elements.

Water quality - Guidance standard on assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes

DS/CEN/TR 16151:2011 水质多指标设计指南

This document describes methods for developing and applying Multimetric Indices used for assessing rivers, lakes, transitional waters or wetlands. It is suitable for use with data on fish, benthic invertebrates, macrophytes, phytoplankton, and phytobenthos.

Water quality - Guidance on the design of Multimetric Indices

ASTM D5092-04(2010)e1 地下水监测井设计与安装标准实践

Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells